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P197 - Taiwan - Chiang Kai shek Memorial Hall


Chiang Kai shek Memorial Hall, Taipei, Taiwan





The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall (traditional Chinese: 國立中正紀念堂; simplified Chinese: 国立中正纪念堂) is a famous monument erected in memory of Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the Republic of China. It is located in Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.

The monument, surrounded by a park, stands at the east end of the Gate of Great Centrality and Perfect Uprightness. The structure is framed on the north and south by the National Theater and National Concert Hall. The entire plaza is located within sight of the Presidential Office Building.

After President Chiang Kai-shek died on 5 April 1975, the Executive branch of the government established a Funeral Committee to build a memorial. The design, by architect Yang Cho-cheng, was chosen in a competition. Yang's design incorporated many elements of traditional Chinese architecture recalling the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, China. (The Kuomintang (KMT) revered Dr. Sun as founder of the party and government Chiang had led.) Groundbreaking for the memorial took place on 31 October 1976, the 90th anniversary of Chiang's birth. The hall officially opened on 5 April 1980, the fifth anniversary of the leader's death.
The main vault of the National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall contains a statue of President Chiang Kai-shek.

Yang's design placed the main building at the east end of the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Park (traditional Chinese: 中正公園; simplified Chinese: 中正公园), covering over 240,000 square metres in Zhongzheng District. A main gate, the Gate of Great Centrality and Perfect Uprightness (Chinese: 大中至正) was placed at the west end on Chung Shan South Road, with a Gate of Great Loyalty (traditional Chinese: 大忠門; simplified Chinese: 大忠门) standing at the north side on Hsin Yi (Xinyi) Road and a Gate of Great Piety (traditional Chinese: 大孝門; simplified Chinese: 大孝门) standing at the south side on Ai Kuo (Aiguo) East Road. A Boulevard of Homage, bordered by manicured bushes, connected the main hall with the square.


中正紀念堂是一棟為紀念中華民國前總統蔣中正而興建的著名紀念建築,位於中華民國台北市中正區中山南路21號。其舊址為日治時代台灣軍山砲隊與台灣步兵第一連隊之軍用地。全區250,000平方公尺,落成以來即為台北市最著名地標。園區廣場除了供民眾休憩外,解嚴之後也成為群眾運動的集會地點,許多社會、政治皆擇此地舉辦,也常是大型藝文活動的場地。

中正紀念堂的管理機關為國立中正紀念堂管理處,隸屬於教育部。

蔣中正於1975年4月5日逝世後,行政院於當年6月即決定興建中正紀念堂以茲紀念,並聘請俞國華、林金生、蔣彥士、高魁元、趙聚鈺、費驊、賴名湯、謝東閔、蔡鴻文、周宏濤、 秦孝儀、張豐緒、林挺生、辜振甫、徐有庠、王永慶等16人為中正紀念堂籌備小組籌備委員,後又於1976年10月成立中正紀念堂籌建指導委員會,聘請張群、何應欽、陳立夫、倪文亞、王雲五、于斌、錢思亮、 黃少谷、谷正綱、黃杰、林伯壽、吳經熊、連震東、陳啟天、徐慶鐘、張寶樹、謝東閔、孫亞夫、劉闊才 、戴炎輝、劉季洪、周百練、蔡鴻文、林挺生、林洋港等為指導委員。

籌建小組成立後,行政院擇定北市杭州南路以西、中山南路以東、愛國東路以北、信義路以南之間地段為建堂基地,並對外徵件。經徵件評選,後決定採用圓山大飯店的設計者楊卓成的設計,隨即於1976年10月31日破土、1977年11月動工,1980年3月31日完工,並於4月4日舉行落成典禮,4月5日起對外開放參觀。

配合開館工作,行政院於1980年3月1日成立「中正紀念堂管理籌備處」,7月1日正式成立「中正紀念堂管理處」,隸屬台北市政府。1986年,中正紀念堂改隸教育部管理,並完成組織條例立法程序更名為「國立中正紀念堂管理處」。

中正紀念堂園區全區面積達250,000平方公尺,除了高70公尺的主建築外,還有國家戲劇院、國家音樂廳(合稱「兩廳院」),以及主建築前的瞻仰大道、中央藝文廣場(亦稱自由廣場)、園區環外迴廊、中式庭園(光華池及雲漢池)等。

中正紀念堂設計時,即隱含豐富的象徵語彙。外表以藍、白2色為主,象徵中華民國國徽中的「青天白日」,紀念堂平面為方形格局,象徵蔣中正的「中正」,坐東面西,遙望大陸。仿效北京天壇的流璃瓦八角攒尖顶代表八德,而隱藏其中的人形象徵天人合一。紀念堂正面共有花崗石84階、大廳階梯5階,合計89階,表示蔣中正享年89歲。台階中間為中華民國國徽圖案的「御路」,在中國傳統建築上,只用於宮殿或廟堂。

正堂上層青銅大門高16公尺,重達75噸,其上則有大型藻井,其中為青天白日十二道光芒的國徽。蔣中正銅像位於正堂後方,高達6.3公尺,重21.25噸。銅像後方牆壁則懸掛有「民主、倫理、科學」字樣,以及「生活的目的在於增進全體人類之生活」、「生命的意義在於創造宇宙繼起之生命」等等的蔣中正生前語錄。過去曾有三軍儀仗隊常態守護,而每整點的交接,亦為重要景點之一。
References sources : Wikipedia

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