P201 - UK - York

York, UK

York is a walled city, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city is noted for its rich heritage and it has played an important role throughout much of its almost 2,000 year existence.

The city was founded as Eboracum in AD 71 by the Romans and was made the capital of Britannia Inferior. During the Roman period influential historical figures, such as Constantine the Great, became associated with the city. The entire Roman Empire was governed from York for two years by Septimius Severus.

After the Angles moved in, the city was renamed Eoforwic, and served as the capital of the Kingdom of Northumbria. The Vikings captured the city in 866, renaming it Jórvík, the capital of a wider kingdom of the same name covering much of Northern England. After the Norman Conquest, the name gradually evolved into "York", which was first used in the 13th century.

Richard II wished to make York the capital of England, but before he could effect this he was deposed. After the Wars of the Roses, York housed the Council of the North and was regarded as the capital of the North. It was only after The Restoration that the political importance of the city began to decline. The Province of York is one of the two English ecclesiastical provinces, alongside that of Canterbury.

From 1996, the term City of York describes a unitary authority area which includes rural areas beyond the old city boundaries. The urban area has a population of 137,505, while the entire unitary authority has 193,300 (2007 est.) people.

York Minster is a Gothic cathedral in York, England and is one of the largest of its kind in Northern Europe alongside Cologne Cathedral. The Minster is the seat of the Archbishop of York, the second-highest office of the Church of England, and is cathedral for the Diocese of York; it is run by a Dean and Chapter under the Dean of York. The formal title of York Minster is The Cathedral and Metropolitan Church of St Peter in York. Services in the Minster are sometimes regarded as on the high church Anglo-Catholicism side of the Anglican scale.

It has a very wide Decorated Gothic nave and chapter house, a Perpendicular Gothic choir and east end, and Early English north and south transepts. The nave contains the West Window, constructed in 1338, and over the Lady Chapel in the east end is the Great East Window, (finished in 1408), the largest expanse of medieval stained glass in the world. In the north transept is the Five Sisters Window, each lancet being over 16 metres (52 ft) high. The south transept contains the famous Rose window.

約克（英文：York），位於英國英格蘭約克郡-亨伯區域北約克郡，英格蘭的城市、單一管理區，位於烏斯河（Ouse River）河畔、里茲東北偏東，起初為蓋爾人的居點，後為羅馬人、盎格魯人、丹麥人和諾曼人佔領。中世紀該城是繁榮的羊毛市場和教育中心，其大主教地位僅次於坎特伯雷大主教。市區人口約為137,505人（2001年）。

至於在行政區劃方面，1996年4月1日時設置的約克市（City of York）則包含了傳統上的約克市區與一些鄰近的教區，是英格蘭的郡級行政單位──單一管理區（Unitary authority）──之一，隸屬於約克郡-亨伯，並具有自治市地位。根據2006年的統計，整個約克市行政區內的人口約有186,800人。

約克大教堂是英格蘭最大的中世紀主教座堂和歐洲最大的哥德式教堂之一。中世紀城牆和城門，即所謂的「長條」環繞著整個城市，至今仍可以看到。

References sources : wikipedia