P244 - Holland - Amsterdam

Amsterdam, Holland

Amsterdam is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The city, which had a population of around 1 million (with suburbs) on 1 January 2008, comprises the northern part of the Randstad, the 6th-largest metropolitan area in Europe, with a population of around 6.7 million.

Its name is derived from Amstel dam, indicative of the city's origin: a dam in the river Amstel where the Dam Square is today. Settled as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age, a result of its innovative developments in trade. During that time, the city was the leading center for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded and many new neighbourhoods and suburbs were formed.

The city is the financial and cultural capital of the Netherlands. Many large Dutch institutions have their headquarters there, and 7 of the world's top 500 companies, including Philips and ING, are based in the city . The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, part of Euronext, is located in the city centre. Amsterdam's main attractions, including its historic canals, the Rijksmuseum, the Van Gogh Museum, Anne Frank House, its red-light district and its many cannabis coffee shops, draw 4.2 million tourists annually.

阿姆斯特丹是荷兰首都及最大城市，位于该国西部省份北荷兰省。根据2008年1月的统计数据，这座城市人口达747,290人；而该城市所处的兰斯台德都市圈，大约有670万人口，是欧洲第6大都市圈。

其名称源于Amstel dam，这表明了该城市的起源：一个位于阿姆斯特尔河上的水坝，即今水坝广场址。12世纪晚期一个小渔村建于此，而后由于贸易的迅猛发展，阿姆斯特丹在荷兰黄金时代一跃而成为世界上最重要的港口。在那个时代，该城是金融和钻石的中心。19和20世纪，该城扩展，许多新的街坊与近郊住宅区形成。

阿姆斯特丹是荷兰的金融和文化首都。许多荷兰大型机构的总部都设于此，其中包括飞利浦和ING等7家世界500强企业的总部。作为泛欧交易所的一部分，阿姆斯特丹证券交易所坐落于城市中心。阿姆斯特丹有很多旅游景点，包括历史悠久的运河网、荷兰国家博物馆、凡·高博物馆、安妮之家、红灯区以及许多大麻咖啡馆。每年有大约420万游客来此观光。

作为当前荷兰第一大城市，阿姆斯特丹历经了从渔村到国际化大都市的发展过程，经历了辉煌与破坏，以及世界大战的洗礼，从一定程度上讲，她的历史也是荷兰历史的一个缩影。

References sources : Wikipedia