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P272 - Russia - The Novodevichy convent in Moscow


The Novodevichy convent, Moscow, Russia (UNESCO WHS)





Novodevichy Convent, also known as Bogoroditse-Smolensky Monastery is probably the best-known cloister of Moscow. Its name, sometimes translated as the New Maidens' Monastery, was devised to differ from an ancient maidens' convent in the Moscow Kremlin. Unlike other Moscow cloisters, it has remained virtually intact since the 17th century. In 2004, it was proclaimed a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


作为世界文化遗产的新圣母修道院是莫斯科最美丽最和谐的建筑之一,是俄罗斯最著名的修道院之一,也是莫斯科市区规模最宏伟的宗教建筑群之一,是仅次于克里姆林宫的重要文物。

新圣母修道院,座落在莫斯科西南,距离克里姆林宫大约四公里,靠近莫斯科河的浅滩,这里是通向莫斯科市的要冲之地,因此这座修道院也兼作城堡,具有保卫首都门户的要塞意义。呈现在游客面前的红白相间古色古香的高高的塔楼和围墙,使修道院看起来像一个中世纪城堡。

新圣母修道院建于1524年,是瓦西里三世为纪念古城斯摩棱斯克从立陶宛政权下重归俄国版图而建造的;院内最古老的石结构教堂名为斯摩棱斯克大教堂。正是这些石结构,使其在多次战争中幸存,包括1812年的莫斯科大火。

18 世纪前,该修道院曾处于皇家的保护之下,享有“御用修道院”的声誉,因此其建筑风格典雅而华丽,白石细节与粉红砖墙相结合,构成一片醒目的粉红色建筑。 1598年这里曾举行鲍利斯·戈杜诺夫的沙皇加冕典礼;17世纪末,彼得大帝与其同父异母的姐姐索菲娅,展开了一场权力之争,彼得大帝胜利后,索菲娅被强行在此剃度为修女,1704年死于这座修道院。

修道院的主体建筑是斯摩棱斯克大教堂和小巧的八角形钟楼。大教堂内陈设有16世纪的油画和17-18世纪的圣像。八角形钟楼上那闪亮的镏金圆顶,在莫斯科许多地方,都能看到,十分醒目。

修道院内有新圣女公墓,1923年起,成为名人公墓,果戈里、契诃夫、奥斯特罗夫斯基、赫鲁晓夫都葬在这里,几乎每一墓碑都是一个雕塑艺术品。


References sources : Wikipedia, uutuu

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