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P320 - Belgium - Houses in baroque in Ghent


Houses in baroque, Ghent, Belgium




Ghent is a city and a municipality located in the Flemish region, Belgium. It is the capital and biggest city of the East Flanders province. The city started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Lys and became in the Middle Ages one of the largest and richest cities of northern Europe. Today it is a busy city with a port and a university.

The municipality comprises the city of Ghent proper and the towns of Afsnee, Desteldonk, Drongen, Gentbrugge, Ledeberg, Mariakerke, Mendonk, Oostakker, Sint-Amandsberg, Sint-Denijs-Westrem, Sint-Kruis-Winkel, Wondelgem and Zwijnaarde. With 237,250 inhabitants in the beginning of 2008,[1] Ghent is Belgium's second largest municipality by number of inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,205 km² and has a total population of 594,582 as of 1 January 2008, which ranks it as the fourth most populous in Belgium.[1][2] The current mayor of Ghent, Daniël Termont, leads a coalition of the SP.a,SLP and VLD.

Every year a ten day long street festival is held called the "Ghent Fests" (Gentse Feesten in Dutch). About 2 million visitors attend the festival every year.


根特(荷兰语:Gent,法语:Gand,英语:Ghent)是比利时弗兰德区的一个自治市,也指这个自治市中的根特城。根特自治市据2006年1月统计有人口23万,为比利时第二大自治市,它地处交通要冲,历史悠久,现在仍为旅游胜地。

根特自治市由根特城和周围的一些小镇组成,其中的根特市是东弗兰德省的最大的城市与省会。根特位于交通要道,为斯凯尔特河和莱斯河汇合处,并通过根特-特尔纽曾运河与海相连,处于两条欧洲高速公路E17和E40的交界点上,并有比利时第三大的火车站。

考古发现在石器时代与铁器时代根特地区就已经有人类活动,有些学者认为根特一词即来源于凯尔特语中的汇合一词。尽管没有书面记载,但是考古学家已经确定在古罗马时期根特已经形成了城市。四世纪末到五世纪初,法兰克人侵入罗马,使得当地语言从凯尔特语和拉丁语变成了古荷兰语。 约在公元650年左右,圣徒阿曼德在根特建立了两所修道院,圣彼得修道院和圣Bavo修道院。由于交通便利,根特逐渐发展起来,成为修道院众多的地方及商业中心。大约公元800年时,查理大帝的儿子,后来的路易一世(虔诚者)命令查理大帝的传记作者恩哈德掌管根特所有的修道院。851年和859年根特曾两次遭到维京海盗的攻击和洗劫。

根特从11世纪开始复兴,到13世纪时,根特已经成为仅次于巴黎的欧洲最大最繁荣的城市之一。城市人口达到65000人。今天仍然矗立在根特市中心的钟楼和圣尼古拉斯大教堂就是根特兴盛时期的建筑遗留。根特的繁荣主要源于羊毛纺织业,由于地处河流的交汇处,根特的很多地域经常遭到水的淹没,形成独特的多草而又潮湿的地域,很适合放牧绵羊。获得的羊毛就用于生产纺织品,随后大量出口到英国,所以在英法百年战争中根特的经济受到了严重的打击。

根特在百年战争之后通过和勃艮第公爵领下的其他属地建立贸易联盟而得到了复苏,但好景不长,过重的税收引起了根特人民的反抗,最终导致了battle of gavere,根特的反抗被镇压,有16000居民死亡。低地国家的中心也从布鲁日-根特为代表城市的弗兰德区转移到安特卫普-布鲁塞尔为代表城市的布拉班特公爵领地。1539年根特发生反抗神圣罗马帝国皇帝和西班牙国王查理五世的根特反抗,查理五世亲临自己的故乡根特进行镇压,并命令根特的贵族赤脚带镣走过他的面前。16世纪末到17世纪,根特因为是加尔文教的城市而卷入神圣战争,被西班牙帝国给予毁灭性打击,并改奉天主教,从此根特失去了国际化商业中心的地位。

1800年比利时工业间谍鲍文斯将英国的机密纺织技术带到根特,使得根特再次因纺织工业而复兴,Bauwens也曾担任一年的根特市长,他所带来的纺织机器,至今仍然保存在根特城东北部的工业考古与织物博物馆里。1814年12月24日英国和美国关于停止1812年战争的根特和约在此签订。滑铁卢战役后根特被划归荷兰十五年,其间根特拥有了自己的根特大学和入海通道。

比利时独立后,在根特建立了第一个比利时贸易同盟。1913年世界博览会在根特举行,为准备这次博览会,1912年根特修建了圣彼得火车站。


References sources : Wikipedia

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