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P397 - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo


Cathedral of Jesus' Heart, Sarajevo, the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina




The Cathedral of Jesus' Heart in Sarajevo, commonly referred as the Sarajevo Cathedral is the largest cathedral in Bosnia and Herzegovina.It is the seat of the Vrhbosanski Archbishop, currently Cardinal Vinko Puljić, and center of Catholic worship in the city. The Cathedral is located in the city's Old Town district.

The Cathedral of Jesus' Heart was built in honor of "Jesus' Sacred Heart", an important Catholic concept. Architect Josip Vancaš modeled it after the Notre-Dame de Paris using the neo-Gothic style and elements of Romanesque architecture. Work began on August 25, 1884, and was completed in the same month in 1889. The Bishop of Dubrovnik was present for the opening.
The building was damaged during the Siege of Sarajevo, but was not completely destroyed, and the damage has since been repaired. The building is often used as a symbol of the city: The design above the door to the Cathedral is part of the flag and seal of Sarajevo Canton and the Romanesque towers are featured on the flag and coat of arms of Sarajevo.


萨拉热窝(Sarajevo)是波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那的首都和经济、文化中心。原是塞尔维亚的首都。在中部萨瓦河支流博斯纳河上游附近。群山环抱,风景秀丽的古城。人口37.5万,连郊区44.9万(1981)。建于1263年。1914年6月28日奥匈帝国国王储在此被塞尔维亚爱国者刺死,这个事件成为第一次世界大战的导火线。陆运交通枢纽。工业有动力设备、汽车制造、金属加工、化学、纺织、陶瓷、食品加工等。旧市区中心以产东方特色的铜、银手工艺品著名。设有大学、科学院、博物馆等。市中心保存土耳其时代的旧建筑。城郊有帕莱、伊利扎疗养地。
前南斯拉夫电影《瓦尔特保卫萨拉热窝》在中国的放映,使得这座城市在中国家喻户晓;曾因第一次世界大战的爆发和当代波黑战争,萨拉热窝闻名于世。

萨拉热窝市分为老城、中心城、新城、新萨拉热窝共4个行政区。老城区的商业街别具特色,有500多年历史,始建于土耳其统治时代。石块铺路的老街,两侧的建筑呈现出波斯尼亚民族风俗和土耳其式的风格,一排排的手工艺品店铺错落有致,期间夹杂着咖啡馆、烤肉馆和清真寺。这里的手工艺品有几百年的打造传统,从土耳其式的咖啡具、雕刻和打凿制做的铜质花瓶、各类壶和罐、圆盘艺术品到手工制做的木质烟盒、首饰盒等,从表现萨拉热窝老城风貌的装饰画、各种式样的金银首饰及至用波黑战争遗留的炮弹壳打磨制做的工艺品,琳琅满目,让人目不暇接。

中心城区多为奥匈帝国时代的古典建筑。天主教堂、东正教堂与尖顶林立的伊斯兰清真寺塔协调地分布于城区之内。波黑战后形成的浓厚伊斯兰教氛围,让您感觉时而好像置身于中东的阿拉伯世界。这种独特的风貌明显迥然于欧洲其他传统的城市,因此,萨拉热窝现被誉为欧洲的耶路撒冷。

新城区为20世纪70-80年代兴建。拥有东方格调的现代化建筑和居民小区,在波黑战争期间遭到了严重摧残,现已大部分得到了修复。一条宽阔的大街--波斯尼亚大道横贯市区,碧波清澈的波斯尼亚河支流米里雅茨河蜿蜒由西向东流过,两侧是高低起伏的山冈,依山而建的民居住宅鳞次栉比,白屋红瓦在郁郁葱葱之中分外鲜明。入夜时分,登高远眺,万家灯火,星光灿烂,景色蔚为壮观。

萨拉热窝市面积142平方公里,人口31万,它不仅是波黑的首都,而且也是波黑的第一大城市,全国的政治、经济和文化的中心,同时也是常驻波黑国际组织的集聚地,有36个国际组织和机构以及非政府组织的代表处集中于此。


References sources : wikipedia,百度百科

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