P351 - Peru - The Lost City of the Incas - Machu Picchu

"The Lost City of the Incas" - Machu Picchu, Peru (UNESCO WHS) (New Seven Wonders of the World)

Machu Picchu is a pre-Columbian Inca site located 2,430 metres (8,000 ft) above sea level. It is situated on a mountain ridge above the Urubamba Valley in Peru, which is 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Cuzco and through which the Urubamba River flows. Often referred to as "The Lost City of the Incas", Machu Picchu is one of the most familiar symbols of the Inca Empire.
The Incas started building it around AD 1430 but was abandoned as an official site for the Inca rulers a hundred years later at the time of the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Although known locally, it was largely unknown to the outside world before being brought to international attention in 1911 by Hiram Bingham, an American historian. Since then, Machu Picchu has become an important tourist attraction.
Machu Picchu was declared a Peruvian Historical Sanctuary in 1981 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. Since it was not plundered by the Spanish when they conquered the Incas, it is especially important as a cultural site and is considered a sacred place.
Machu Picchu was built in the classical Inca style, with polished dry-stone walls. Its primary buildings are the Intihuatana, the Temple of the Sun, and the Room of the Three Windows. These are located in what is known by archaeologists as the Sacred District of Machu Picchu. In September 2007, Peru and Yale University reached an agreement regarding the return of artifacts which Hiram Bingham had removed from Machu Picchu in the early twentieth century.

马丘比丘（西班牙語、英語：Machu Picchu，奇楚亚语：Machu Piqchu，其意為「古老的山」），又譯麻丘比丘，是秘鲁一個著名的前哥伦布时期時印加帝國的遗迹，西北方距库斯科130公里，整个遗址高耸在海拔2350—2430米的山脊上，俯瞰着乌鲁班巴河谷，其也是世界新七大奇迹之一。

由于独特的位置、地址特点和发现时间较晚（1911年），马丘比丘成了印加帝国最为人所熟悉的标志。在1983年，马丘比丘被联合国教科文组织定为世界遗产，是世界上为数不多的文化与自然双重遗产之一。但与此同时，马丘比丘也面临着遭旅游业破坏的担忧。

References sources : Wikipedia