P121 - Philippines - Fort Santiago

Fort Santiago,Intramuros, Manila, Philippines

Fort Santiago (Spanish: Fuerte de Santiago) is a defense fortress built for Spanish conquistador, Miguel López de Legazpi. The fort is part of the structures of the walled city of Intramuros, in Manila, Philippines.

The location of Fort Santiago was once the site of the palace and kingdom of Rajah Sulayman, a Muslim chieftain of pre-hispanic Manila. It was destroyed by the conquistadors upon arriving in 1570, encountering several battles with the Islamic natives. The Spaniards destroyed the native settlements and erected the Fuerte de Santiago in 1571.

The first fort was made out of log structures and earth. Most of it was destroyed in the Spanish-Chinese War of (1574-1575), by invaders of Chinese pirates who besieged the area. The Spaniards fought a fierce conflict and eventually drove the pirates out. In 1589 the fort was constructed with hard stone and finished in 1592. It became the main fort for travels and spice trade to the Americas and Europe for 333 years. The famous Manila Galleon trade to Acapulco, Mexico started sailing from the Fuerte de Santiago.

The fort is shielded by 22 feet (6.7 m)-high walls, with a thickness of 8 feet (2.4 m) and an entrance measuring 40 feet (12 m) high. It is located at the mouth of the Pasig River and it was once the premier defense fortress of the Spanish Government in the Philippines. During World War II it was captured by the Japanese, and sustained heavy damage from American & Filipino bombs during the Battle of Manila in February 1945. It was later restored by the Intramuros Administration during the 1980s. Today the fort serves as a museum which houses well-preserved legacies of the Spanish government, José Rizal (which is called the Plaza de Armas), Rizal Shrine, and the prison dungeons for criminals used by the Spanish officials.

José Rizal, the Philippines' national hero, was imprisoned in the fort before his execution in 1896. the site features, embedded onto the ground in bronze, his final footsteps representing the walk from his cell to the location of the actual execution.

聖地亞哥城堡在市中市（Instramuros）西北部，1571年開始修建，150年後才由才由菲律賓的勞工建設完成。

聖地亞哥城堡（Fort Santiago）是古代的皇城，1590年西班牙總督聖地亞哥將原本用木柵欄圍成的城寨改建成石城堡，城墻外有護城河，厚達10米的城墻上築有塔樓，並設有炮臺架，城堡內的黎剎紀念館是兩層西班牙式的建築，陳列著他生前的資料和文獻。

這裡曾經囚禁無數的菲律賓愛國者，包括民族英雄約瑟•黎剎，他們就在一個蕭條黑暗的囚室內死去。

References sources : Wikipedia, 南博網綜合