Aachen Cathedral, Aachen, Germany (UNESCO WHS)
Aachen Cathedral, frequently referred to as the "Imperial Cathedral" (in German: Kaiserdom), is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, Germany. The church is the oldest cathedral in northern Europe and was known as the "Royal Church of St. Mary at Aachen" during the Middle Ages. For 600 years, from 936 to 1531, the Aachen chapel was the church of coronation for 30 German kings and 12 queens. The church is the episcopal seat of the Diocese of Aachen.
In 1978, it was one of the first 12 items to make the entry into the UNESCO list of world heritage sites, as the first German and one of the first three European historical ensembles.
阿亨大教堂或譯為亞琛大教堂是位於德國亞琛並由許多不同時期基督教建築藝術組合而成的大教堂。其最早及最中心的部分,建成於805年,為查理大帝的國王行宮,建築物31米高,直徑約為32米。此教堂在東羅馬帝國時期,為拜占廷及地中海地區之國王教堂寫照。特別是義大利拉韋納的聖維托教堂(Basilica of San Vitale)影響查理大帝甚多。然而建築並非直接地複製,而是各自獨立的建築。
查理大帝在西元800年時在亞琛建立了歐洲中心--第二羅馬帝國,並在這裡建立他的皇宮,其中包括行宮教堂(瑪麗亞教堂),也就是現在的阿亨大教堂的主要建築物中心。當查理大帝在西元814年過世時,這個教堂變成了埋葬查里大帝的地方。從西元936奧托一世在此教堂加冕起,之後的六百年,阿亨大教堂具備完整的加冕史。這裡所保存的文物,如四大聖壇,就是中世紀以來基督教朝聖的所在。大教堂的型態已經維持了1200年。皇帝、國王、朝聖者在這裡留下了豐富的裝潢及寶物。他所代表的卡洛林式建築,到今日歐洲仍是非常具代表性的文化紀念物。1978年登錄為德國第一個世界文化遺產。
References sources : Wikipedia
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